Imidiya ye-Fiber optic iyinoma iyiphi imidiya yokudlulisa inethiwekhi evame ukusebenzisa ingilazi, noma i-plastic fiber kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, ukudlulisa idatha yenethiwekhi ngendlela yama-pulses alula.Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, i-optical fiber isiwuhlobo oluya ngokuya ludumile lwemidiya yokudlulisa inethiwekhi njengoba isidingo somkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nezikhala ezinde siqhubeka.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Fiber optic buhlukile ekusebenzeni kwayo kunemidiya yethusi evamile ngoba ukuhanjiswa ngamapulses okukhanya "kwedijithali" esikhundleni sokushintsha kwamandla kagesi.Kalula nje, ama-fiber optic transmissions ahlanganisa lawo kanye noziro wokudluliselwa kwenethiwekhi yedijithali ngokuvula nokuvala ama-pulses okukhanya omthombo wokukhanya we-laser, wobude obunikeziwe, kumaza aphezulu kakhulu.Umthombo wokukhanya uvame ukuba yilaser noma uhlobo oluthile lwe-Light-Emitting Diode (LED).Ukukhanya okuvela emthonjeni wokukhanya kukhanyisa futhi kucishwe kuphethini yedatha ebhalwa ngekhodi.Ukukhanya kuhamba ngaphakathi kwefayibha kuze kube yilapho isignali yokukhanya ifika lapho iphokophele khona futhi ifundwa umtshina wokubona.
Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zilungiselelwa ubude begagasi obubodwa noma amaningi okukhanya.Ubude begagasi bomthombo othile wokukhanya ubude, obukalwa ngama-nanometer (amabhiliyoni emitha, esifushanisiwe ngokuthi “nm”), phakathi kweziqongo zamagagasi egagasi lokukhanya elivamile elisuka kulowo mthombo wokukhanya.Ungacabanga nge-wavelength njengombala wokukhanya, futhi ilingana nejubane lokukhanya elihlukaniswe yi-frequency.Esimeni se-Single-Mode Fiber (SMF), amaza okukhanya amaningi ahlukene angadluliswa ngefayibha yokukhanya efanayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Lokhu kuyasiza ekwandiseni umthamo wokudlulisa wentambo ye-fiber optic njengoba ubude beza beza bokukhanya buyisignali ehlukile.Ngakho-ke, amasignali amaningi angathwalwa phezu kwentambo efanayo ye-fiber optical.Lokhu kudinga ama-laser amaningi nezitholi futhi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM).
Imvamisa, imicu yokubona isebenzisa amaza amaza aphakathi kuka-850 no-1550 nm, kuye ngomthombo wokukhanya.Ngokukhethekile, i-Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) isetshenziswa ku-850 noma ku-1300 nm futhi i-SMF ivamise ukusetshenziswa ku-1310, 1490, kanye no-1550 nm (futhi, ezinhlelweni ze-WDM, kumaza wamaza azungeze lawa maza ayisisekelo).Ubuchwepheshe bamuva bunweba lokhu ku-1625 nm ku-SMF esetshenziselwa isizukulwane esilandelayo se-Passive Optical Networks (PON) yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-FTTH (Fiber-To-The-Home).Ingilazi esekelwe ku-silica ibonakala kakhulu kulawa maza wamaza, ngakho-ke ukudluliswa kusebenza kahle kakhulu (kukhona ukuncishiswa kwesignali) kulobu bubanzi.Ukuze uthole ireferensi, ukukhanya okubonakalayo (ukukhanya ongakubona) kunobude obungamaza ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-400 no-700 nm.Imithombo eminingi yokukhanya ye-fiber optic isebenza phakathi kwebanga eliseduze le-infrared (phakathi kuka-750 no-2500 nm).Awukwazi ukubona ukukhanya kwe-infrared, kodwa kuwumthombo wokukhanya we-fiber optic osebenza kahle kakhulu.
I-Multimode fiber ngokuvamile i-50/125 kanye ne-62.5/125 ekwakheni.Lokhu kusho ukuthi isilinganiso se-core to cladding diameter singama-microns angu-50 kuya ku-125 microns kanye nama-microns angu-62.5 kuya ku-125 microns.Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-multimode fibre patch cable etholakalayo namuhla, ezivame kakhulu i-multimode sc patch cable fiber, LC, ST, FC, ect.
Amathiphu: Imithombo eminingi yokukhanya ye-fiber optic yendabuko ingasebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwe-spectrum ye-wavelength ebonakalayo nangaphezulu kwebanga lamaza wamaza, hhayi kubude obuthile obuthile.Ama-Lasers (ukukhulisa ukukhanya ngokukhishwa okukhuthazwa kwemisebe) kanye nama-LED akhiqiza ukukhanya ku-spectrum elinganiselwe, ngisho ne-wavelength eyodwa.
ISEXWAYISO: Imithombo yokukhanya ye-laser esetshenziswa nezintambo ze-fiber optic (njengezintambo ze-OM3) iyingozi kakhulu ekuboneni kwakho.Ukubheka ngqo ekugcineni kwe-fiber optical ephilayo kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuma-retina akho.Ungenziwa impumputhe unomphela.Ungalokothi ubheke ekugcineni kwentambo ye-fiber optic ngaphandle kokwazi kuqala ukuthi awukho umthombo wokukhanya osebenzayo.
Ukuncishiswa kwama-optical fibers (kokubili i-SMF ne-MMF) kuphansi kumaza amade.Ngenxa yalokho, ukuxhumana kwebanga elide kuvame ukwenzeka ku-1310 kanye no-1550 nm wavelengths phezu kwe-SMF.Imicu ye-optical evamile inokunciphisa okukhulu ku-1385 nm.Lesi siqongo samanzi siwumphumela wamanani amancane kakhulu (engxenyeni yesigidi ngesigidi) samanzi afakwe phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.Ikakhulukazi i-terminal -OH(hydroxyl) molecule eyenzeka ibe nokudlidliza okuyisici ku-1385 nm wavelength;ngaleyo ndlela kube nesandla ekuncipheni okuphezulu kulobu bude bamaza.Ngokomlando, amasistimu ezokuxhumana ayesebenza nhlangothi zombili zalesi siqongo.
Uma ama-pulses okukhanya efika endaweni okuyiwa kuyo, inzwa ithatha ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwesignali yokukhanya bese iguqula ama-pulses okukhanya ibuyele kumasignali kagesi.Lapho isignali yokukhanya ihlakazeka kakhulu noma ibhekana nemingcele, maningi amathuba okuba isignali ilahlekelwe (ukunciphisa).Ukwengeza, sonke isixhumi se-fiber optic phakathi komthombo wesignali nendawo okuyiwa kuyo sibonisa ithuba lokulahleka kwesignali.Ngakho-ke, izixhumi kufanele zifakwe ngendlela efanele ekuxhumekeni ngakunye.Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezixhumi ze-fiber optic ezitholakalayo namuhla.Okuvame kakhulu yizi: ST, SC, FC, MT-RJ kanye nezixhumi zesitayela seLC.Zonke lezi zinhlobo zezixhumi zingasetshenziswa nge-multimode noma i-fiber yemodi eyodwa.
Iningi lezinhlelo zokudlulisa ifayibha ze-LAN/WAN zisebenzisa ifayibha eyodwa ukudlulisa kanye neyodwa yokwamukela.Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bamuva buvumela i-fiber optic transmitter ukuthi idlulise izinhlangothi ezimbili phezu kwe-fiber strand efanayo (isb.i-passive cwdm muxusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-WDM).Amaza amaza okukhanya ahlukene awaphambanisani njengoba izitholi zishunwe ukuze zifunde ubude beza obuthile.Ngakho-ke, lapho uthumela amaza amaza ngaphezulu komucu owodwa wefiber optical, udinga imitshina eminingi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2021